BIB-SEM characterization of pore space morphology and distribution in postmature to overmature samples from the Haynesville and Bossier Shales     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

Four Haynesville Shale and four Bossier Shale samples were investigated using a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Broad Ion Beam (BIB) polishing. This approach enables the microstructure and porosity to be studied down to the mesopore size (<50 nm) in representative areas at the scale of the BIB cross-sections. The samples vary in mineralogy, grain size and TOC and the maturity ranges from 2.42 to 2.58 VR_r in the Haynesville Shale to 1.79–2.26 VR_r in the Bossier Shale. This variety within the samples enabled us to study controls on the porosity distribution in these shales. Visible pores exist as intraparticle pores mainly in carbonate grains and pyrite framboids and as interparticle pores, mainly in the clay-rich matrix. Pores in organic matter show a characteristic porosity with respect to the type of organic matter, which mainly consists of mixtures of amorphous organic matter and minerals, organic laminae and discrete macerals. A clear positive trend of organic-matter porosity with maturity was found. Pore sizes are power law distributed in the range of 4.4 μm to at least 36 nm in equivalent diameter. The differences in power law exponents suggest that a more grain supported, coarse-grained matrix may prevent pores from mechanical compaction. Porosities measured in the BIB cross-sections were significantly lower in comparison to porosities obtained by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). This difference is mainly attributed to the different resolution achieved with BIB-SEM and MIP and type of pore network. Extrapolation of pore size distributions (PSDs) enables the BIB-SEM porosity to be estimated down to the resolution of the MIP and thus to upscale microstructural observation at the confined space of the BIB-SEM method to bulk porosity measurement. These inferred porosities are in good agreement with the MIP determined porosities, which underpins the assumption that pores segmented in BIB-SEM mosaics are representative of the MIP methodology.  相似文献   

红树林海岸的沉积物输运和碳沉降特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

屠强  杨圣云  周秋麟  杨娟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):21-26

Mangroves play an important role in sequestering carbon and trapping sediments. However, the effectiveness of such functions is unclear due to the restriction of knowledge on the sedimentation process across the vegetation boundaries. To detect the effects of mangrove forests on sediment transportation and organic carbon sequestration, the granulometric and organic carbon characteristics of mangrove sediments were investigated from three vegetation zones of four typical mangrove habitats on the Leizhou Peninsula coast. Based on our results, sediment transport was often "environmentally sensitive" to the vegetation friction. A transition of the sediment transport mode from the mudflat zone to the interior/fringe zone was often detected from the cumulative frequency curve. The vegetation cover also assists the trapping of material, resulting in a significantly higher concentration of organic carbon in the interior surface sediments. However, the graphic parameters of core sediments reflected a highly temporal variability due to the sedimentation process at different locations. The sediment texture ranges widely from sand to mud, although the sedimentary environments are restricted within the same energy level along the fluvial-marine transition zone. Based on the PCA results, the large variation was mainly attributed to either the mean grain size features or the organic carbon features. A high correlation between the depth and δ13C value also indicated an increasing storage of mangrove-derived organic carbon with time.  相似文献   

Grain size composition and transport of sedimentary organic carbon in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent waters     

ZHANG Weiyan  JIN Haiyan  YAO Xuying  JI Zhongqiang  ZHANG Xiaoyu  YU Xiaoguo  ZHANG Fuyuan  GAO Aigen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(10):46-56

Surface sediments from the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay,and their adjacent waters were analyzed for their grain size distribution,organic carbon(OC) concentration,and stable carbon isotope composition(δ13C).Based on this analysis,about 36 surface sediment samples were selected from various environments and separated into sand(0.250 mm,0.125–0.250 mm,0.063–0.125 mm) and silt(0.025–0.063 mm)fractions by wet-sieving fractionation methods,and further into silt-(0.004–0.025 mm) and clay-sized(0.004mm) fractions by centrifugal fractionation.Sediments of six grain size categories were analyzed for their OC andδ13C contents to explore the grain size composition and transport paths of sedimentary OC in the study area.From fine to coarse fractions,the OC content was 1.18%,0.51%,0.46%,0.42%,0.99%,and 0.48%,respectively,while theδ13C was –21.64‰,–22.03‰,–22.52‰,–22.46‰,–22.36‰,and –22.28‰,respectively.In each size category,the OC contribution was 42.96%,26.06%,9.82%,5.75%,7.09%,and 8.33%,respectively.The OC content in clay and fine silt fractions(0.025 mm) was about 69.02%.High OC concentrations were mainly found in offshore modern sediments in the northeast of the Changjiang River Estuary,in modern sediments in the lower estuary of the Changjiang River and Hangzhou Bay,and in Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island.Integrating the distribution of terrestrial OC content of each grain size category with the δ13C of the bulk sediment indicated that the terrestrial organic material in the Changjiang River Estuary was transported seaward and dispersed to the Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island via two pathways:one was a result of the Changjiang River Diluted Water(CDW) northeastward extending branch driven by the North Jiangsu Coastal Current and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current,while the other one was the result of the CDW southward extending branch driven by the Taiwan Warm Current.  相似文献   

近2Ma帕里西-维拉海盆沉积物中碎屑组分粒度特征及其物源和古气候意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周宇  蒋富清  徐兆凯  方海超  张晋  李安春 《海洋科学》2015,39(9):86-93

对帕里西-维拉海盆PV090102孔深海沉积物中碎屑组分进行了粒度分析。结果表明,沉积物碎屑组分的平均粒径为3.2μm,粒径总体变化范围在0.5~32μm,粒度频率分布呈双峰负偏态特征。利用Weibull分布函数对粒度数据进行拟合,分离出粗、细两个不同的端元组分。细粒端元的粒径分布范围较窄,大多在0.5~16μm,峰值较高,众数粒径约为2μm,其特征与北太平中部风尘一致,推测主要为来源于亚洲大陆的风尘,它的百分含量在60%~90%,是碎屑组分的主要物质来源。粗粒端元的粒径分布范围较宽,约为1.6~32μm,峰较扁平,粒径的众数在10μm左右,主要是来自于周围海脊和岛弧的火山物质。PV090102孔沉积物碎屑组分中不同粒度组分对近2 Ma以来亚洲大陆干旱和大气环流系统增强有很好的响应,同时还记录了0.5 Ma以来西太平洋火山活动增强。这些研究结果表明西北太平洋沉积物的粒度组成有助于重建第四纪以来东亚大陆干旱和大气环流历史。  相似文献   

冬、夏季渤黄海表层沉积物粒度特征差异及其成因分析     

王晓磊  冯秀丽  刘潇  刘杰  权永峥 《海洋科学》2015,39(8):63-69

对渤海、黄海海域冬、夏两季表层沉积物取样,通过激光粒度仪得出粒度参数,进而分析讨论冬季强的沿岸流的作用、黄海暖流、夏季冷水团的影响以及地形、海底地貌特征、物源特征等对表层沉积物分布造成的影响。结果表明,冬、夏两季渤黄海表层沉积物粒度特征总体上相差不大,但部分海域如渤海中北部、渤海中南部、北黄海西北部近渤海海峡北部海域、山东半岛东北部海域、南黄海中部沉积物粒度特征存在明显季节性差异。表层沉积物粒度特征季节性差异与地形地貌、沿岸流、黄海暖流、黄海冷水团及物源密切相关。本研究对于探讨渤黄海不同季节表层沉积物沉积特征的影响机制、了解渤黄海区海洋动力过程的季节差异有积极意义。  相似文献   

有效群体大小对蛤仔F₁生长和存活影响     

赵力强  梁健  闫喜武  霍忠明  杨凤 《海洋科学》2015,39(1):64-69

对不同有效群体大小(Ne=2、4、8、16、32、200)的蛤仔F1代生长和存活性状进行了比较。结果表明:浮游期,各试验组幼虫壳长均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),实验组Ne=200的存活率低于其他各实验组,并随着日龄的增长,差异越来越显著;稚贝期,各实验组的壳长和存活率的变化规律和浮游期基本一致。对壳长变异情况分析表明,浮游期,随着群体有效含量的增大,子代开始出现小型个体和大型个体,壳长分布变异逐渐明显;稚贝期,各试验组组内壳长变异进一步加剧,除Ne=2试验组稚贝壳长介于400μm和600μm之间外,其他各试验组均出现明显的小型和大型个体,表现为有效群体越大,组内稚贝壳长变异越为明显。  相似文献   

矢量地图数据数字水印抗拼接算法     

杨辉  闵连权  侯翔 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(1):91-95

地图拼接是矢量地图数据中的一种常见处理方式。为了正确提取水印信息,需要从拼接后的地图中确定出水印嵌入区域。利用水印嵌入后坐标点尾部数据分布发生变化的特点,提出了一种基于分布拟合检验的抗拼接算法。该算法利用四叉树算法将地图分成多个区域,然后利用单样本K-S检验判断每个区域内的坐标点尾部数据是否服从均匀分布,最终确定出水印嵌入区域。实验表明,该算法能够达到提取水印嵌入区域的目的。  相似文献   

福建安海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及其现代沉积过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李东义  徐勇航  王爱军  郑斌鑫  李国刚 《沉积学报》2015,33(4):724-734

通过对福建安海湾表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,应用系统聚类分析、粒径趋势模型和切应力计算公式,探讨了研究区粒度的分布特征、沉积环境分区、表层沉积物输运趋势及其影响因素.研究结果表明,研究区包括6种表层沉积物类型,以黏土质粉砂和粉砂为主,沉积物大体呈现自海湾两侧潮滩向潮汐通道变粗的分布趋势.表层沉积物粒度的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,湾口附近及湾内深槽内,细颗粒的沉积物被再悬浮带走,粗颗粒的含量增大;在湾内潮滩上,悬浮物质因水动力作用逐渐减弱发生分选沉降,形成向岸变细的横向分异.海湾外泥沙随潮流不断地向海湾东侧岸滩运移,海湾周边陆源来沙由湾顶部往湾口方向下泄,两者是导致表层沉积物出现明显的顺时针方向汇聚趋势的原因之一;表层沉积物的输运趋势、悬浮泥沙的输运、潮滩植被与湾口沙嘴的遮蔽效应共同影响了研究区内浅滩地形的形成和变化.研究区可分为四类沉积环境区,以潮滩和潮汐通道环境为主,不同沉积区内的粒度参数、粒级频率和敏感粒级均有差异,动力条件差异和不同物源的影响程度是现代沉积环境格局的主要影响因素.  相似文献   

安徽巢北地区五通组沉积环境分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵鲁阳  吕大炜  刘海燕  金爱文  吴晓燕  冯婷婷  于得明  刘建强 《沉积学报》2015,33(3):470-479

下扬子地区广泛发育泥盆系五通组地层, 因为处于海侵初期, 地层中陆相和海相特征共存, 导致对该组沉积环境认识上的分歧;安徽巢北地区泥盆系五通组为一套厚层砂岩夹泥岩组合, 其沉积环境和沉积特征一直不清。为此, 在前人研究成果和野外剖面实测基础上, 采用沉积学、地层学等方法, 结合室内磨片和粒度分析方法, 对其厚层砂岩段进行了详细分析, 研究发现巢湖地区五通组形成于海相沉积环境, 即具滚动组分和跳跃组分组成的多段式的后滨-前滨, 跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的前滨-上临滨, 有跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的沙泥混合坪, 结合沉积序列特点和沉积特征, 最终确定五通组的观山段下部为滨岸相的后滨-前滨的砾石海滩沉积, 观山段上部为滨岸相的前滨-上临滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段下部为滨岸相的混合坪粉砂岩泥岩沉积, 擂鼓台段中部为滨岸相的泥坪、海湾、滨岸沼泽沉积间有前滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段上部为滨岸相的含铁质的混合坪沉积。该文不仅具有理论价值, 也具有一定的教学示范作用。  相似文献   

使用纳米碳酸钙降低低孔低渗煤层气储层伤害          下载免费PDF全文

谷穗  蔡记华  常德武  维克多·费多罗维奇·契霍特金 《地球科学》2015,40(6):1093-1100

传统暂堵剂难以封堵低孔低渗煤层气储层中的大量纳米级别孔隙.通过煤岩显微观测、钻井液基本性能测试、泥饼清除实验、煤岩孔隙分布实验和气体渗透率实验,探讨了纳米碳酸钙降低低孔低渗煤层气储层伤害的效果.结果表明:纳米碳酸钙材料只有在水溶液中保持纳米级的分散状态,才可能对低渗煤岩起到暂堵作用;基于纳米碳酸钙的可降解钻井液既能封堵低孔低渗煤岩中微米级别孔隙,也能封堵其中的纳米级别孔隙;经过生物酶和稀盐酸双重解堵后,煤岩渗透率恢复值达77.17%~97.98%,储层保护效果好;煤岩孔隙分布实验可以在纳米尺度上研究纳米材料对低孔低渗储层的暂堵效果.研究成果可为纳米碳酸钙在低孔低渗煤层和页岩钻完井过程中的应用奠定良好技术基础.   相似文献